Axonal transport is carried out by proteins such as kinesin and dynein. Axons typically end in an axon terminal at which neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, or neurohormones are released in the conversion of the electrical signal to a chemical signal which can cross the synapse or neuromuscular junction.
In addition to afferent signaling, dendrites can be involved in protein synthesis and independent signaling functions with other neurons. There may be one or many dendrites associated with a single neuron depending on its function and location. The soma contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for neuronal function. Neurons exist in a variety of forms including multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, and anaxonic which differ primarily in their number and arrangement of axons and dendrites. Neurons are characterized by the long processes which extend out from the cell body or soma. Neurons are unique in their ability to receive and transmit information.
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